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Nouns |
Masc. Sing. |
-o,-e,-i |
Masc. Plural |
-i |
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Fem. Sing. |
-a,-u |
Fem. Plural |
-e |
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Adjectives |
Agree with nouns and tend to follow them. Thus, “passo presto” becomes “passi presti” and “riverenza minima” becomes “riverenze minime”. |
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Numbers |
1 uno, una, un' |
5 cinque |
1st primo |
5th quinta |
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2 due |
6 sei |
2nd secondo |
6th sexto |
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3 tre |
7 sette |
3rd terzo |
7th settimo |
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4 quatro |
8 otto |
4th quarta |
8th ottavo |
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Definite Article |
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Before Vowel |
Before Consonant |
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Masc. Sing. |
l’ |
il/lo |
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Masc. Plural |
gli |
i/gli |
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Fem. Sing. |
l’ |
la |
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Fem. Plural |
le |
le |
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Third Person Pronouns |
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Subject |
Direct Object |
Indirect Object |
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Masc. Sing. |
egli/liu |
lo |
gli |
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Masc. Plural |
loro/essi |
li |
loro |
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Fem. Sing. |
lei/essa |
la |
le |
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Fem. Plural |
loro/esse |
le |
loro |
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Some verb endings |
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-are verbs |
-ere verbs |
-ire verbs |
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present participle |
-ando |
-endo |
-endo |
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past participle |
-ato |
-uto |
-ito |
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3rd person singular present |
-a |
-e |
-e |
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3rd person plural present |
-ano |
-ono |
-ono |
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3rd person singular future |
-erà |
-à |
-à |
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3rd person plural future |
--eranno |
-anno |
-anno |
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Reflexive and Passive Verbs |
Are formed with "si", either before or after the verb: "trovarsi" "to find oneself," si fa" "is done." Can also reflect on each other: "lasciandosi" "letting go of each other." |
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Some irregular verbs |
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èssere (to be) |
fare (to do) |
avere (to have) |
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present participle |
essèndo |
facèndo |
avèndo |
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past participle |
stato |
fatto |
avuto |
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3rd person singular present |
è |
fa |
ha |
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3rd person plural present |
sóno |
fanno |
hanno |
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3rd person singular future |
sarà |
farà |
harà/avrà |
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3rd person plural future |
aranno |
faranno |
(h)averanno |
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