How Values Fit in Registers

This section discusses the macros that describe which kinds of values (specifically, which machine modes) each register can hold, and how many consecutive registers are needed for a given mode.

HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, mode)

A C expression for the number of consecutive hard registers, starting at register number regno, required to hold a value of mode mode. On a machine where all registers are exactly one word, a suitable definition of this macro is

#define HARD_REGNO_NREGS(REGNO, MODE)            \
   ((GET_MODE_SIZE (MODE) + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)  \
    / UNITS_PER_WORD))

HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (regno, mode)

A C expression that is nonzero if it is permissible to store a value of mode mode in hard register number regno (or in several registers starting with that one). For a machine where all registers are equivalent, a suitable definition is

#define HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK(REGNO, MODE) 1

It is not necessary for this macro to check for the numbers of fixed registers, because the allocation mechanism considers them to be always occupied. On some machines, double-precision values must be kept in even/odd register pairs. The way to implement that is to define this macro to reject odd register numbers for such modes. The minimum requirement for a mode to be OK in a register is that the `movmode' instruction pattern support moves between the register and any other hard register for which the mode is OK; and that moving a value into the register and back out not alter it. Since the same instruction used to move SImode will work for all narrower integer modes, it is not necessary on any machine for HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK to distinguish between these modes, provided you define patterns `movhi', etc., to take advantage of this. This is useful because of the interaction between HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK and MODES_TIEABLE_P; it is very desirable for all integer modes to be tieable. Many machines have special registers for floating point arithmetic. Often people assume that floating point machine modes are allowed only in floating point registers. This is not true. Any registers that can hold integers can safely hold a floating point machine mode, whether or not floating arithmetic can be done on it in those registers. Integer move instructions can be used to move the values. On some machines, though, the converse is true: fixed-point machine modes may not go in floating registers. This is true if the floating registers normalize any value stored in them, because storing a non-floating value there would garble it. In this case, HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK should reject fixed-point machine modes in floating registers. But if the floating registers do not automatically normalize, if you can store any bit pattern in one and retrieve it unchanged without a trap, then any machine mode may go in a floating register, so you can define this macro to say so. The primary significance of special floating registers is rather that they are the registers acceptable in floating point arithmetic instructions. However, this is of no concern to HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK. You handle it by writing the proper constraints for those instructions. On some machines, the floating registers are especially slow to access, so that it is better to store a value in a stack frame than in such a register if floating point arithmetic is not being done. As long as the floating registers are not in class GENERAL_REGS, they will not be used unless some pattern's constraint asks for one.

MODES_TIEABLE_P (mode1, mode2)

A C expression that is nonzero if it is desirable to choose register allocation so as to avoid move instructions between a value of mode mode1 and a value of mode mode2. If HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (r, mode1) and HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (r, mode2) are ever different for any r, then MODES_TIEABLE_P (mode1, mode2) must be zero.

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